And as it is the desire and purpose of the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States, Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in Convention, on the 4th day of February, A.
And be it further resolved, That the President of this Convention, be and is hereby instructed to transmit forthwith a copy of the foregoing Preamble, Ordinance, and Resolutions to the Governors of the several States named in said resolutions. Done by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, at Montgomery, on this, the eleventh day of January, A.
We do further declare and ordain that the union now existing between the State of Georgia and other States under the name of the United States of America is hereby dissolved, and that the State of Georgia is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State.
Passed January 19, We do further declare and ordain, That the State of Louisiana hereby resumes all rights and powers heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America; that her citizens are absolved from all allegiance to said Government; and that she is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which appertain to a free and independent State.
We do further declare and ordain, That all rights acquired and vested under the Constitution of the United States, or any act of Congress, or treaty, or under any law of this State, and not incompatible with this ordinance, shall remain in force and have the same effect as if this ordinance had not been passed. Adopted in convention at Baton Rouge this 26th day of January, This ordinance shall be submitted to the people of Texas for their ratification or rejection, by the qualified voters, on the 23rd day of February, , and unless rejected by a majority of the votes cast, shall take effect and be in force on and after the 2d day of March, A.
Done by the people of the State of Texas, in convention assembled, at Austin, this 1st day of February, A. All eleven states declared slavery as one of the primary motivators for their secession; they believed that their livelihoods were tied up with the institution of slavery, and that they could no longer be part of a country that might force them to abandon slavery.
The declarations of secession all contain similar messages. But, the situation is a bit more complicated in terms of why they finally seceded when they did. For the last ten years we have had numerous and serious causes of complaint against our non-slave-holding confederate States with reference to the subject of African slavery. They have endeavored to weaken our security, to disturb our domestic peace and tranquility, and persistently refused to comply with their express constitutional obligations to us in reference to that property, and by the use of their power in the Federal Government have striven to deprive us of an equal enjoyment of the common Territories of the Republic While the subordination and the political and social inequality of the African race was fully conceded by all, it was plainly apparent that slavery would soon disappear from what are now the non-slave-holding States of the original thirteen For forty years this question has been considered and debated in the halls of Congress, before the people, by the press, and before the tribunals of justice.
The majority of the people of the North in decided it in their own favor. We refuse to submit to that judgment, and in vindication of our refusal we offer the Constitution of our country and point to the total absence of any express power to exclude us. Georgia's declaration elaborates a description of the history of slavery and economy in the century before their secede.
But, in terms of timing, their issues are specific. What exactly are they referring to with their "serious causes of complaint? In essence, it all comes down to the abolitionist movement. In the South, there were numerous uprisings against slavery by black people. There was also a severe shortage of white workers. Out of need, the Confederacy employed both free and enslaved blacks at a higher rate during the war, using blacks to support the troops with services and by working in hospitals as nurses and orderlies.
State governors found themselves continually in conflict with Davis about government overreach challenging their sacred states rights, especially federal conscription laws.
The military exacerbated the situation: As the war dragged on, some troops prowled the countryside to rob civilians. Others rounded up civilians for random often unfounded infractions, infuriating local authorities. The federal government reflected this chaos. Davis saw his authority repeatedly challenged, almost facing impeachment.
Davis feuded regularly with Vice-President Stephens, bickered with generals, often had to reconstruct his cabinet and faced repeated backlashes from previously supportive newspapers. The chaos in government spread outward. The Confederacy was plagued by major economic problems throughout the war, unable to keep up with the production boom in the industrialized north and incapable of overcoming the export limitations brought on by war.
As the war neared its end, the Confederacy was crippled by severe infrastructure problems that it could not afford to fix and was desperate for supplies. With banks decimated and closing, it attempted to pay for its needs with IOUs. Despite further conscription efforts, Confederate forces dwindled to about one-third the manpower of their Union foes.
Davis faced opposition in Congress and attempted to save his position by restructuring military leadership. Militarily, the Confederacy saw considerable losses on the battlefields, and Atlanta and Chattanooga were taken by Union forces, which continued to advance. Increasing numbers of Confederate soldiers were deserting and returning home. The Conscript Bureau was closed in , no longer able to find men to draft.
In the final session of Congress in , Davis proposed the federal government purchase 40, slaves for military work followed with some form of emancipation.
In March, Congress voted to arm slaves, but offered no emancipation. General Order 14 resulted, which would immediately give freedom to slaves who served in the military. Recruiting and training black soldiers began.
Some members of Congress, however, began to make amends with the Union. On, February 1st, Texans met in Austin and voted to 7 for secession. Upon secession, he ordered all military forces and stores under his command turned over to Texas authorities. These states agreed to send representatives to Montgomery, Alabama, to form a new government. These delegates elected Howell Cobb of Georgia President of the convention.
Two days later, the Confederacy called for , volunteers for its provisional army. On March 11th, delegates adopted the Confederate Constitution. Major Robert Anderson commanded the small garrison and refused to surrender. With supplies running out, Lincoln informed South Carolina authorities that he planned to send supplies and reinforcements to the fort. Thirty-four hours later, Anderson surrendered his command.
Two days after the surrender of Fort Sumter, President Lincoln declared a state of insurrection and called for 75, volunteers to put down the rebellion. Instead, four more Southern states left the Union. The first was Virginia. On April 17th, Virginia, the traditional leader of the South, passed a succession bill 88 to Significantly, Virginians had voted down a similar bill on April 4th, by a vote of 89 to On May 3rd, Lincoln called for 42, three-year volunteers. Arkansas then joined the Confederacy on May 6th.
The state convention had met at Little Rock and had voted 69 to 1 for secession. Tennessee seceded the same day. Earlier, on February 9th, Tennessee had held a statewide election and had rejected secession by a vote of 68, to 59,
0コメント